Cash-Based Assistance Versus In-Kind Aid in Conflict Zones: A System Dynamics Evaluation of Humanitarian Effectiveness in Sudan

Abeer Tajalsir (2026)
System Dynamics Review, Volume42, Issue1

Abeer Tajalsir’s article “Cash-Based Assistance Versus In-Kind Aid in Conflict Zones: A System Dynamics Evaluation of Humanitarian Effectiveness in Sudan,” is published in System Dynamics Review.

This study uses system dynamics modeling to examine humanitarian assistance in conflict-affected Sudan and offers policy-relevant recommendations for humanitarian actors and decision-makers. Drawing on primary data from stakeholders (INGOs, NGOs, and ERRs), the model simulates the aid delivery supply chain under three security scenarios: constant violence, intensified violence, and declining violence. The research explores how different aid approaches perform under varying security conditions and highlights the need for adaptive humanitarian strategies that respond to changing contexts and place local actors at the center of effective aid delivery.

Abeer Tajalsir emphasises that the article is written with and for the millions of internally displaced people whose lived experiences are too often reduced to numbers. Their experiences and constraints should be more accurately reflected in humanitarian analysis and policy design.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sdr.70017